In approximately what year did Turkish Muslims gain control of Persia and the Holy Lands from the Muslim Arabs?

In approximately what year did Turkish Muslims gain control of Persia and the Holy Lands from the Muslim Arabs?

• A. 1096.
• B. 1215.
• C. 1077.
• D. 637.

Answer: (C)

The change happens with the rise of the Seljuk Turks in the 11th century. As they moved into Iran and the Levant, Turkish Muslim rulers displaced the previous Arab dynasties and established control over both Persia and the Holy Lands. Baghdad fell under Seljuk influence in 1055, signaling that the Abbasid caliphate was now under Turkish Muslim power, and by the late 1070s they had solidified control of key sites in the Holy Lands as well. That convergence—Turkish rulers governing Persia and the Jerusalem region—happened around 1077, which is why this date is the best approximation. (Earlier Arab conquest of Persia happened around 637, and later events like the Crusades occurred after this period.)

The change happens with the rise of the Seljuk Turks in the 11th century. As they moved into Iran and the Levant, Turkish Muslim rulers displaced the previous Arab dynasties and established control over both Persia and the Holy Lands. Baghdad fell under Seljuk influence in 1055, signaling that the Abbasid caliphate was now under Turkish Muslim power, and by the late 1070s they had solidified control of key sites in the Holy Lands as well. That convergence—Turkish rulers governing Persia and the Jerusalem region—happened around 1077, which is why this date is the best approximation. (Earlier Arab conquest of Persia happened around 637, and later events like the Crusades occurred after this period.)